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Artificial intelligence has sent demand for electricity skyrocketing in the U.S. after years of virtually zero growth. That has sent Big Tech companies scrambling to secure generating capacity for their data centers. For many, that has meant turning to nuclear fission. The power source has been experiencing a resurgence in the last few years following decades of plant closures. (Fission, used in all current nuclear plants, is distinct from fusion, the still-experimental approach to getting power from atoms that, while attracting investors, has yet to produce more electricity than it consumes.) For tech companies, part of the appeal of fission is a stable, predictable source of power that flows 24/7, giving their data centers the potential to run computing loads whenever they require it. But another part of the appeal lies in new reactor designs that promise to overcome the shortcomings of existing nuclear power plants. Where old power plants were built around massive reactors that could generate over 1 gigawatt of electricity, new small modular reactor (SMR) designs see multiple modules deployed alongside each other to meet a range of needs. SMRs rely on mass manufacturing to bring costs down, but to date, no one has built one in the U.S. Still, that hasn’t kept Amazon, Google, Meta, and Microsoft away from the table. They’ve either signed agreements to buy power from nuclear startups or invested in them directly — or both. Here are the nuclear fission startups backed by Big Tech. Kairos Power Kairos Power received a vote of confidence from Google when the search giant promised to buy around 500 megawatts of electricity by 2035, with the first reactor targeted to come online by 2030. Techcrunch event Join us at TechCrunch Sessions: AI Secure your spot for our leading AI industry event with speakers from OpenAI, Anthropic, and Cohere. For a limited time, tickets are just $292 for an entire day of expert talks, workshops, and potent networking. Exhibit at TechCrunch Sessions: AI Secure your spot at TC Sessions: AI and show 1,200+ decision-makers what you’ve built — without the big spend. Available through May 9 or while tables last. Berkeley, CA | June 5 REGISTER NOW The company’s small modular reactors rely on molten fluoride salt for cooling and to transport heat to a steam turbine. The salt’s high boiling point means that the coolant doesn’t need to be kept at high pressure, which should improve operating safety. The reactors contain fuel pebbles coated in carbon and ceramic shells, which should be strong enough to withstand a meltdown. The Alameda-based startup has received a $629 million award from the U.S. government, including $303 million from the Department of Energy. In November 2024, Kairos received approval from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to commence construction on two reactors in Tennessee. At 35 megawatts, the test units will be smaller than Kairos’ eventual commercial reactors, which are expected to generate 75 megawatts each. Oklo Oklo is another SMR company targeting the data center world — no surprise given that it was backed by OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, who also took the nuclear startup public via a reverse merger with his special purpose acquisition vehicle, AltC, in July 2023. Altman served as chairman of Oklo until April, when he stepped down as OpenAI began negotiating with Oklo for an energy supply agreement. DCVC, Draper Associates, and Peter Thiel’s Mithril Capital Management are among the startup’s previous investors. Cooled by liquid metal, Oklo’s reactor is based on an existing U.S. Department of Energy design that’s intended to reduce the amount of nuclear waste that results from regular operations. Still, Oklo’s path hasn’t been a smooth one. The company’s first license application was denied in January 2022. Oklo has said it will resubmit the application sometime in 2025. But that hasn’t stopped the company from landing a deal to supply data center operator Switch with 12 gigawatts by 2044. Saltfoss Like Kairos, Saltfoss, formerly known as Seaborg, also wants to build SMRs cooled by molten salt. But unlike Kairos and others, it envisions placing two to eight of them on a ship to create what it calls a Power Barge. The startup has raised nearly $60 million, including a $6 million seed round that included investments from Bill Gates, Peter Thiel, and Unity co-founder David Helgason, according to PitchBook. Satlfoss has an agreement with Samsung Heavy Industries to build the ships and the Satlfoss-designed reactors. TerraPower Founded by Bill Gates, TerraPower is building a larger reactor, called Natrium, which is cooled by liquid sodium and features molten salt energy storage. The company broke ground on the first power plant in June 2024 in Wyoming. The Natrium design calls for the reactor to generate 345 megawatts of electricity. That’s smaller than other new nuclear plants today but larger than most SMR designs. But Natrium has a trick up its sleeve with its molten salt heat storage system. Since nuclear reactors operate best at a steady state, the Natrium reactor can continue breaking atoms when demand is low, and the extra energy is stored as heat in a vat of molten salt, which can be drawn upon later to generate electricity. Investors include Gates’ Cascade Investment fund, Khosla Ventures, CRV, and ArcelorMittal. X-Energy X-Energy landed a hefty $700 million Series C-1 last year led by Amazon’s Climate Pledge Fund. At the same time, the SMR startup announced two development agreements that would see the deployment of 300 megawatts of new nuclear generating capacity in the Pacific Northwest and Virginia. The company’s high-temperature, gas-cooled reactors buck recent trends in the U.S. and Europe, where the design has been shunned in favor of other approaches. The company’s Xe-100 reactor is expected to generate 80 megawatts of electricity. Helium gas flows through the reactor’s 200,000 billiard ball-sized fuel “pebbles,” absorbing heat to spin a steam turbine.

View File LUXSA - Fashion WooCommerce Theme LUXSA is a truly stunning eCommerce theme we designed for Multi-purpose websites. Aside from full WooCommerce compatibility, a gorgeous set of shop page layouts and elements is at your full disposal. If you want to create a dazzling fashion, jewelry, leather, kids store, auto parts, motor bikes, furniture, plants, electronic, organic, beauty or cosmetics shop website, look no further; LUXSA is here! Key Features Elementor – Elementor is a frontend page builder that will win you over as your favorite page builder because of three reasons: how easy it is to use, how fast it works and the fact that you can reach a higher level of design than other page builders. This higher level of design is reached because you get a wide variety of widgets, effects and templates to choose from, right on the free page builder. Elementor works on the frontend, so everything you design, whether it’s a carousel, image or video widget, is done while you see the actual result, so you don’t need to switch between the front and back end. With Elementor, you also get flexible control over the entire layout of the page, so you can design the entire page without a single line of code. Header & Footer Builder – You can create header layouts that you want easily and use them for different purposes Amazing Portfolio – Are you interested to make your portfolio look cooler. Showcasing your portfolio never was easier, combine easily hundred of options created by powerful theme panel and the best page builder elementor, you’ll be able to choose between three different layouts, grid, metro or carousel, each one has their own amazing options. 70+ Elements – Amazing elements ready for use in the front-end page builder Elementor, everything drag & drop. Ajax Cart – Ajax Cart allow customers to view and manage contents in cart easily. Customers can continue shopping without reloading page. Items in the cart can be managed easily from the Mini cart. It also sync with the cart page using Ajax. Fully Responsive – See and Work with responsive layout instantly within page builder. Template Library – Save your page designs as templates, and reuse them on other pages. This can really speed up your workflow. You can export any template, and import it for use in other websites. This lets you share your templates with other designers. One Click Demo Importer – A very handy feature which is added to the theme, you can import any of the demos of live preview in only one click, it won’t take more than a minute to set up. You’ll enjoy adding your content and playing with design, rather than creating everything from scratch. No coding knowledge required – There are options for almost everything, no extra knowledge is needed to build the website of your dreams. Revolution Slider – Slider Revolution (Revolution Slider) is an innovative, responsive WordPress Slider Plugin that displays your content the beautiful way. Whether it’s a Slider, Carousel, Hero Image or Video Scene for best conversion rates or even a whole Front Page, the visual, drag & drop editor will let you tell your own stories in no time! Desktop or mobile device! It’s included for free, you’ll save 26$. Auto Updates – Compatible with the Envato Market Plugin, the theme can be updated easily with only one click via the dashboard menu. Customizer Advanced Typography Options Amazing Speed Clean Design Creative Blog Powerful Shop Parallax Effects Fast and Reliable Support Visual Editor Translate Ready Mega Menu Unlimited Google Maps Styles Professional Documentation Extended Features Elementor Ready Header & Footer Builder Live Customizer Revolution Slider Included WPML Ready One Click Demo Importer Fully Responsive Mega Menu Translation Ready Retina Ready Sticky Menu WooCommerce Compatible Product Wishlist integration Product Comparison integration Visual Attributes integration Additional Widgets to filter by WooCommerce Attributes. Ajax Shop Product Image 360 Custom Product Label WooCommerce Product Color Swatch WooCommerce Product Color Swatch Gallery Images WooCommerce Product Images Swatch WooCommerce Product Video Thumbnail Product List Color Attribute Filter Quick View Product Ajax Mini Cart Visual Editor Ajax load more Child Theme Included 600+ Google Fonts Advanced Typography Options Portfolio Metro Blog Metro Shop Metro Isotope filers Packery Layout Valid HTML5/CSS3 Font Awesome Multiple Map Markers Social Networks integration Portfolio Carousel Blog Carousel Shop Carousel Social Media Share SEO Optimized Unlimited Colors Maintenance Mode Import/Export the options Coming Soon Mode Testimonials Element Icon Box Element Image Box Element Attachment Page Split Screen Page Social Media Element Lightbox for images Advanced Search Page Gutenberg Ready Custom 404 Page Powerful Video Element Basic Dividers Advanced List Styles Unlimited Colors Shape Dividers Gradient Colors Accordion Element Toggle Element Advanced Grid System Powerful Portfolio Item Counter Element Progress Bar Element Tested with theme check Customizable Categories Masonry Images Incredible load time Team Members Grid Team Members Carousel Team Members Metro 1000+ Icons Sidebar Widgets Contact Form 7 Developer Friendly Commented Code Highly Customizable Custom Sidebars Image Sizes Lifetime updates Youtube, Vimeo and Dailymotion supported Made With Debug Mode On Professional Online Documentation Demo Files Included (XML) WordPress 5.0+ Ready Supports JetPack plugin Supports Yoast SEO plugin Excellent Customer Support Supported Plugins WooCommerce JetPack Contact Form 7 WMPL Polylang Loco Translate Revolution Slider Yoast SEO Mailchimp W3 Total Cache Ninja Forms WP Super Cache VC Vendors, Dokan Compatible And many more… Server Requirements PHP Version: 5.6 or greater MySQL Version: 5.6 or greater The mod_rewrite Apache module upload_max_filesize = 32M memory_limit = 256M Submitter CodeCanyon Submitted 05/26/25 Category Wordpress Templates Demo link https://themeforest.net/item/luxsa-fashion-woocommerce-theme/32656620  

View File JetBooking - Booking Plugin for Elementor Perfect for those who wants to offer rental or booking or services on a daily basis Create product pages and listings in a few clicks Сombine the booking plugin with JetEngine, JetThemeCore or Elementor Pro and your pages are ready! Submitter CodeCanyon Submitted 05/26/25 Category Wordpress Plugins Demo link https://crocoblock.com/plugins/jetbooking/  

View File LeadGen - Multipurpose Marketing Landing Page Pack with HTML Builder LeadGen is a conversion ratio and speed optimized multi-purpose marketing landing page template with drag & drop page builder and tons of readymade elements and demos with greater level of customization possibilities. LeadGen is the best collection of landing pages with modern touch, very well polished, highly responsive, elegant and engaging marketing pages to attract your readers and convince them to contact you or convert to your prospect using the form and call to action buttons. LeadGen can be used as one page website also by having OnePage smooth scrolling menu linked to various sections added on the page. There are 35+ carefully crafted readymade demos are available for different type of businesses as well as 300+ unique elements to chose from and generate your own landing page quickly without any hassles. A powerful and intuitive drag and drop page builder worth $29 is integrated to use readymade blocks, customize fonts, colors, links, styling, content, images as well as deep customization using source code also. Submitter CodeCanyon Submitted 05/26/25 Category Scripts Demo link https://themeforest.net/item/leadgen-multipurpose-marketing-landing-page-pack-with-page-builder/19245368  

View File FlutKit - Flutter & Figma UI Kit FlutKit is a nicely designed and developed multi-purpose mobile application UI Kit developed using Flutter. Flutter is an open-source mobile application development SDK created by Google and used to develop applications for Android and iOS. FlutKit makes it an easy job for developers to have the modern look and feel in the mobile application. It saves lots of hustle and time to develop a nice design UI for modern mobile applications. It is the ultimate library of Flutter UI app templates combined into a high-quality UI kit for Android developers and iOS developers. Flutkit is ready to use and can be easily integrated into any flutter project. The code organization is easy to understand any part can be taken out and added into the flutter application. FlutKit comes with around 200 ready to use widgets, 550+ screens covering many different use cases and 23 sample applications. It comes with both light and dark themes and works great with both android and ios. It also comes with Figma files, which can be used by any UI developer. Figma includes all the components, light/dark mode via tokens studio. Material You (Design 3) Apps Learning (With State Management) Custom Apps Cookify Medicare Grocery Shopping Shopping Manager + Admin Dashboard Estate (With State Management) Apps Shopping Hotel Food Handyman Course News Health Social Event Chat Music Web Apps Shopping Course Food Event Featres Firebase Authentication Google Signin Razorpay Payment Admob Shimmer Effect Image Picker Image Cropper Web View Quick Actions(Create Shortcut) URL Launcher Video Player Other Screens Authentications Quiz Dashboards Mail Profiles Settings Wallet Widgets Animated Button Appbars Bottom sheets Cards Carousel Charts Chips Cupertino widgets Dialogs Dropdown Dismissible list Expansions Forms Google map Grid Hero transitions Icon button Inputs List Navigation Progress Popups Searchbar Sliders Snackbar Stepper Bottom Navigation (Custom) Onboarding wizards (Custom) Text liquid fill (Custom) Submitter CodeCanyon Submitted 05/26/25 Category Android Demo link https://codecanyon.net/item/flutkit-flutter-ui-kit/27510289  

View File Transcargo - Transportation WordPress Theme for Logistics Transcargo is the transportation, logistics, shipping company WordPress theme. Using Transcargo, you can easily create a modern website and start promoting your services. We studied and researched tons of logistic company and shipping company websites before planning the features of the theme to ensure we covered all necessary functions and abilities for transportation business website. It’s fully Responsive and Easy to Customize using intuitive Drag & Drop WP Bakery and Theme Options panel in WordPress Customizer. Transcargo – Transportation WordPress theme, Logistics WordPress theme, Shipping Company WordPress theme, Delivery Company WordPress theme. Transcargo is the only WordPress theme you need for Transportation & Logistics business. We have done deep research on Transportation, Cargo & Logistics business Now we know exactly what features should your website have Easily edit the real content and compose the page layout with drag & drop page builder Key Features: 7 Predefined Color Skins 4 Header layouts Built with SASS Cross-Browser Compatibility: Firefox, Safari, Chrome, IE10+ Theme Options with Real-time WP Customizer Multi-location on Google Maps 2 Service Listing templates Revolution Slider included Responsive Layout on Bootstrap Parallax and Video Background 800+ Google Fonts WP BakeryPagebuilder 24/7 Professional Support Documentation included Regular Updates Custom SVG icons FontAwesome icons WPML localization support One-click demo content import Audio & Video embed Multi-location on Google Maps Do you have several offices and warehouses across the globe? Now you can add your locations both on the website and with Google maps! Download today The Best Transportation WordPress theme! Responsive & Retina ready Transcargo looks great on any device, from mobile to desktop with retina optimized images and SVG icons Real-time WP Customizer Change the look and feel of your site with the real-time preview WordPress customizer. See how your website looks before you push the changes live. Drag & Drop Page Builder – WP Bakery Fast, intuitive and smart page builder will make your customizations quick and easy. Your custom layout will be ready for publishing in a minute! Slider Revolution ($19 saved) Create stunning slides with different animation effects easily with Revolution Slider Built with SEO in mind Transcargo is based on best SEO practices! Get your site rank high in search engines with our optimized WordPress theme! Demo Content Included – One-click Demo Import One click and you have a ready site just like the one you see in our demo WPML & Translation Ready Translate your website into any language with WPML easily! Use .pot files for a custom translations. 800+ Google Fonts Choose any of the Google web font libraries through powerful Real-time Customizer panel! Custom Sidebars and Widgets Create your own sidebar with available widgets and shortcodes Built with SASS Sass is the most stable and powerful professional grade CSS extension language 24-Hour Turnaround Support We care about our customers and provide free support. Ask your questions using our Ticket System on www.stylemixthemes.com Submitter CodeCanyon Submitted 05/26/25 Category Wordpress Templates Demo link https://themeforest.net/item/transcargo-logistics-transportation-wp-theme/13947082

View File Smart School Android App - Mobile Application for Smart School Smart School Android App is native Android application for Smart School : School Management System. Smart School Android App is a simple and intuitive application focused on student/parent can access their school information on mobile. The aim is to not only enhance learning experience of the students, but also enrich the lives of parents so they can monitor their child academic activities. Smart School Android App is highly customizable that means you can change its logo, primary and secondary colors to change app theme colors, enable disable modules. Important Note: Smart School Android App version 4.2 supports Smart School version 7.1.0 . Smart School Android App version 4.2 currently does not support Multiclass and Chat features. Download Smart School Android App version 4.2 Demo You can sign in as - Student - Username: std1 Password: password Parent - Username: parent9 Password: password Changelog for Smart School Android App Visit Smart School : School Management System Codecanyon page https://1.envato.market/smart_school . Submitter CodeCanyon Submitted 05/26/25 Category Android Demo link https://codecanyon.net/item/smart-school-android-app-mobile-application-for-smart-school/23664144  

View File Kester - Soccer Club & Sports News WordPress Theme The theme is fully responsive and includes a range of pre-designed pages, such as a homepage, about page, team page, match page, schedule page, and contact page. Each page is designed with a modern and sleek layout that is easy to navigate and visually engaging. The team page includes a grid layout with images and bios of the trainers or coaches, as well as their areas of expertise. The classes page features a calendar layout that displays upcoming classes and events, as well as a filter system that allows users to find classes based on their preferences. It is built with drag and drop Elementor Page Builder. By using this theme possible to build a website for any type of business website. Features: Elementor Page Builder You can easily edit/change everything using Elementor page builder with a drag-drop system. Sportspress for Soccer Sprotspress plugin added with lots of features so you can manage your team, club, match, result and fixtures.. One Click Demo Installer Included: You can easily import demo data using the one-click demo import plugin. So you can just make a demo site using one click it will help you reduce lots of time Revolution Slider: This slider plugin can show any kind of media with highly customizable transitions, effects, and animations. So you can make any kind of slider easily as like you want Powerful Theme Options: Using Dinenos option you can change many things easily. As like logo, topbar, header style, footer style, color, menu settings, blog layout, banner, preloader, etc. 03 Header Layouts: You can choose the perfect header from our builds and customize it to your needs. Footer Layouts: You can make the footer as per your needs since we have used footer builder. 30+ Inner Pages Included Product Life Time Free Update Fully Responsive Design Google Fonts Drag and Drop MetFrom Blog Page Included Match Result Pageas 5+ Team styles Modern Schedule Layout Multiple Header Styles and Sticky Header Child Theme Compatible – includes basic child theme Google Map 1000+ Google Fonts Mobile Browsers Compatible Font Awesome Icons W3C Valid HTML Code Cross browser Compatible Reliable support Well Documented That’s Why Easy to Change and much more Submitter CodeCanyon Submitted 05/26/25 Category Wordpress Templates Demo link https://themeforest.net/item/kester-soccer-club-sports-news-wordpress-theme/46347816  

View File Findus - Directory Listing WordPress Theme Findus is a listing directory WordPress theme that will help you create, manage and monetize a local or global directory site. Feel free to set your own goal and get your favourite spots listed online. Findus pages are created using the powerful Elementor Page Builder. All 40+ elements are drag and drop, and easy to use and customize. Absolutely no coding required. Required or Recommended Plugins: Elementor Page Builder (required /free) WP Job Manager (required /free) for General Listing Management Apus FrameWork (required /free) Apus Findus (required /free) WooCommerce (required /free) for Making Money CMB2 (free) Contact Form 7 (free) MailChimp for WordPress (free) WordPress Social Login (free) WP First Letter Avatar (free) Features Elementor page builder – the fastest growing, open-source WordPress page builder. Revolution Slider WooCommerce 4.3 Ready 40+ Elementor widgets ready to use Custom Fields with powerful field editor Listing preview Listing Bookmark Listing Reviews/Rating Private Message Reply a review Listing Quick view Claim a listing Make a reservation Book an appointment Multiple Listing Layout (Half Map, Grid, List) 2 Listing detail layout Drag and drop content with ready to use blocks Booking, buy ticket, Individual Store Reviews, Comments and rating system Multiple blog layouts for your choice WooCommrce Paid Listings Contact Form 7 Integrated with Google Maps Slick Slider Popup Image Google Maps/Mapbox/Open Street Maps Bootstrap Fully Responsive Click Demo Import Header Builder Footer Builder Smooth scrolling option Back to top option. LazyLoad Image Multiple fonts Fully optimized for SEO Responsive for all devices RTL Language support Submitter CodeCanyon Submitted 05/26/25 Category Wordpress Templates Demo link https://themeforest.net/item/findus-directory-listing-wordpress-theme/25741327  

View File FoodTiger - Food Delivery - Multiple Restaurants FoodTiger is a new and powerful PHP script based on Laravel 8. Start your own food delivery business in minutes. Administrator You as administrator will be able to register restaurants, add drivers and assign orders to drivers. View powerful analytics for how much orders has been made. Restaurant owner Will receive orders for their restaurant both by mail and in the system. They will be able to accept/reject the order. Also, there will be able to manage their restaurant, categories, items, etc.. Each restaurant gets a subdomain. Drivers Drivers are your employees. You can register them in the system. And soon as order is accepted from the restaurant, you will be able to assign to them. Drivers will deliver the order and change the status to delivered. Soon, mobile app for them. Clients Your clients are the ones who make orders to the restaurant. They can register, put their address and make an order from the restaurant they like. Submitter CodeCanyon Submitted 05/26/25 Category Scripts Demo link https://codecanyon.net/item/foodtiger-food-delivery-multiple-restaurants/26296970  

View File All-in-one WooCommerce Import Export Suite Universal WooCommerce package. Import and export of WooCommerceproducts, orders, customers / users, coupons, subscriptions. Export or import from CSV / XML Conditions for fast export / import from the database based on a previously saved mapping or a new export with advanced parameters. Batch processing to ensure successful import / export. FTP / URL / scheduled import or export Multiple FTP or scheduling profiles included. Dedicated FTP profile settings to manage and manage simple scheduled import / export. Supports multiple product types Plugin makes it easy to import / export multiple product types, from simple products, variable products, group products, external products, customs, etc. Compatible with major custom plugins Compatible with WooCommerce Product Bundles, Yoast WooCommerce SEO, Woocommerce Product Pricing, Advanced Custom Fields, WPML, Polylang and more. Simple Ajax interface and flexible API Convenient interfaces for easy import / export. Simple column positions for drag-and-drop matching embedded in different categories. Multiple filter options to simplify custom import / export Multiple filtering options for data in different ways to get custom import / export with conditions to include images, variations and metadata. View detailed history, debug logs and cron schedules Log, debug logs and cron schedules to record the success / failure of processes, troubleshoot, and view all planned and completed activities. Facilitates back and forth migration Export / import of products including images, categories, custom metadata, etc., from one website to another using a CSV or XML file. Bulk editing capability on import Make changes, merge or update additional product information for existing products before or during import / export. Submitter CodeCanyon Submitted 05/26/25 Category Wordpress Plugins Demo link https://www.webtoffee.com/product/woocommerce-import-export-suite/  

View File Ramom School - Multi Branch School Management System Ramom School Management is Multi-Branching education ERP System. This application will help the organization that has many Branch Schools and a SuperAdmin can control all the branches and staff. Each branch will be controlled by Admin. Information about different branches, cannot be viewed or modified by other branch users. All information will be separate and secure. It is effective and helpful for both types of schools, polytechnics and universities. There are language translation systems, Any user can change language and sessions and see all the systems in different languages and sessions record. Multiple branch systems will save your time and money, just one solution. Submitter CodeCanyon Submitted 05/26/25 Category Scripts Demo link https://codecanyon.net/item/ramom-multi-branch-school-management-system/25182324  

Per Inside EVs, Cybertruck owners are now allowed by Tesla to trade in their cars for the first time since they hit the market – but they’ll incur a heavy hit in the process. CarGurus recently showed depreciation rates of up to 45%. Meanwhile, Business Insider talked this past week with two owners who shared firsthand what value Tesla has assigned their Cybertruck. One owner, who bought a $100,000 AWD 2024 model and accumulated 19,623 miles, received a quote for $63,100 (a 37% depreciation); the other purchased a top-of-the-line $127,000 Cyberbeast last September was shown a quote for $78,200, which would amount to a 38% loss after eight months. Tesla initially banned owners from reselling the vehicle – a policy typically used to prevent scalping of high-demand vehicles and to maintain brand control. In Tesla’s case, it may also have delayed a wave of trade-ins or resales from owners facing a backlash owing to Elon Musk’s high profile in the Trump administration or frustrated with ongoing quality control issues, which have included runaway gas pedals and falling trim pieces. Worth noting: trade-in figures are typically lower than private-party sales, and EVs as a category depreciate fast. According to Wired, some brands can lose up to 50% in year one.

Artificial intelligence is a deep and convoluted world. The scientists who work in this field often rely on jargon and lingo to explain what they’re working on. As a result, we frequently have to use those technical terms in our coverage of the artificial intelligence industry. That’s why we thought it would be helpful to put together a glossary with definitions of some of the most important words and phrases that we use in our articles. We will regularly update this glossary to add new entries as researchers continually uncover novel methods to push the frontier of artificial intelligence while identifying emerging safety risks. AGI Artificial general intelligence, or AGI, is a nebulous term. But it generally refers to AI that’s more capable than the average human at many, if not most, tasks. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman recently described AGI as the “equivalent of a median human that you could hire as a co-worker.” Meanwhile, OpenAI’s charter defines AGI as “highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work.” Google DeepMind’s understanding differs slightly from these two definitions; the lab views AGI as “AI that’s at least as capable as humans at most cognitive tasks.” Confused? Not to worry — so are experts at the forefront of AI research. AI agent An AI agent refers to a tool that uses AI technologies to perform a series of tasks on your behalf — beyond what a more basic AI chatbot could do — such as filing expenses, booking tickets or a table at a restaurant, or even writing and maintaining code. However, as we’ve explained before, there are lots of moving pieces in this emergent space, so “AI agent” might mean different things to different people. Infrastructure is also still being built out to deliver on its envisaged capabilities. But the basic concept implies an autonomous system that may draw on multiple AI systems to carry out multistep tasks. Chain of thought Given a simple question, a human brain can answer without even thinking too much about it — things like “which animal is taller, a giraffe or a cat?” But in many cases, you often need a pen and paper to come up with the right answer because there are intermediary steps. For instance, if a farmer has chickens and cows, and together they have 40 heads and 120 legs, you might need to write down a simple equation to come up with the answer (20 chickens and 20 cows). In an AI context, chain-of-thought reasoning for large language models means breaking down a problem into smaller, intermediate steps to improve the quality of the end result. It usually takes longer to get an answer, but the answer is more likely to be correct, especially in a logic or coding context. Reasoning models are developed from traditional large language models and optimized for chain-of-thought thinking thanks to reinforcement learning. (See: Large language model) Techcrunch event Join us at TechCrunch Sessions: AI Secure your spot for our leading AI industry event with speakers from OpenAI, Anthropic, and Cohere. For a limited time, tickets are just $292 for an entire day of expert talks, workshops, and potent networking. Exhibit at TechCrunch Sessions: AI Secure your spot at TC Sessions: AI and show 1,200+ decision-makers what you’ve built — without the big spend. Available through May 9 or while tables last. Berkeley, CA | June 5 REGISTER NOW Deep learning A subset of self-improving machine learning in which AI algorithms are designed with a multi-layered, artificial neural network (ANN) structure. This allows them to make more complex correlations compared to simpler machine learning-based systems, such as linear models or decision trees. The structure of deep learning algorithms draws inspiration from the interconnected pathways of neurons in the human brain. Deep learning AI models are able to identify important characteristics in data themselves, rather than requiring human engineers to define these features. The structure also supports algorithms that can learn from errors and, through a process of repetition and adjustment, improve their own outputs. However, deep learning systems require a lot of data points to yield good results (millions or more). They also typically take longer to train compared to simpler machine learning algorithms — so development costs tend to be higher. (See: Neural network) Diffusion Diffusion is the tech at the heart of many art-, music-, and text-generating AI models. Inspired by physics, diffusion systems slowly “destroy” the structure of data — e.g. photos, songs, and so on — by adding noise until there’s nothing left. In physics, diffusion is spontaneous and irreversible — sugar diffused in coffee can’t be restored to cube form. But diffusion systems in AI aim to learn a sort of “reverse diffusion” process to restore the destroyed data, gaining the ability to recover the data from noise. Distillation Distillation is a technique used to extract knowledge from a large AI model with a ‘teacher-student’ model. Developers send requests to a teacher model and record the outputs. Answers are sometimes compared with a dataset to see how accurate they are. These outputs are then used to train the student model, which is trained to approximate the teacher’s behavior. Distillation can be used to create a smaller, more efficient model based on a larger model with a minimal distillation loss. This is likely how OpenAI developed GPT-4 Turbo, a faster version of GPT-4. While all AI companies use distillation internally, it may have also been used by some AI companies to catch up with frontier models. Distillation from a competitor usually violates the terms of service of AI API and chat assistants. Fine-tuning This refers to the further training of an AI model to optimize performance for a more specific task or area than was previously a focal point of its training — typically by feeding in new, specialized (i.e., task-oriented) data. Many AI startups are taking large language models as a starting point to build a commercial product but are vying to amp up utility for a target sector or task by supplementing earlier training cycles with fine-tuning based on their own domain-specific knowledge and expertise. (See: Large language model [LLM]) GAN A GAN, or Generative Adversarial Network, is a type of machine learning framework that underpins some important developments in generative AI when it comes to producing realistic data – including (but not only) deepfake tools. GANs involve the use of a pair of neural networks, one of which draws on its training data to generate an output that is passed to the other model to evaluate. This second, discriminator model thus plays the role of a classifier on the generator’s output – enabling it to improve over time. The GAN structure is set up as a competition (hence “adversarial”) – with the two models essentially programmed to try to outdo each other: the generator is trying to get its output past the discriminator, while the discriminator is working to spot artificially generated data. This structured contest can optimize AI outputs to be more realistic without the need for additional human intervention. Though GANs work best for narrower applications (such as producing realistic photos or videos), rather than general purpose AI. Hallucination Hallucination is the AI industry’s preferred term for AI models making stuff up – literally generating information that is incorrect. Obviously, it’s a huge problem for AI quality. Hallucinations produce GenAI outputs that can be misleading and could even lead to real-life risks — with potentially dangerous consequences (think of a health query that returns harmful medical advice). This is why most GenAI tools’ small print now warns users to verify AI-generated answers, even though such disclaimers are usually far less prominent than the information the tools dispense at the touch of a button. The problem of AIs fabricating information is thought to arise as a consequence of gaps in training data. For general purpose GenAI especially — also sometimes known as foundation models — this looks difficult to resolve. There is simply not enough data in existence to train AI models to comprehensively resolve all the questions we could possibly ask. TL;DR: we haven’t invented God (yet). Hallucinations are contributing to a push towards increasingly specialized and/or vertical AI models — i.e. domain-specific AIs that require narrower expertise – as a way to reduce the likelihood of knowledge gaps and shrink disinformation risks. Inference Inference is the process of running an AI model. It’s setting a model loose to make predictions or draw conclusions from previously-seen data. To be clear, inference can’t happen without training; a model must learn patterns in a set of data before it can effectively extrapolate from this training data. Many types of hardware can perform inference, ranging from smartphone processors to beefy GPUs to custom-designed AI accelerators. But not all of them can run models equally well. Very large models would take ages to make predictions on, say, a laptop versus a cloud server with high-end AI chips. [See: Training] Large language model (LLM) Large language models, or LLMs, are the AI models used by popular AI assistants, such as ChatGPT, Claude, Google’s Gemini, Meta’s AI Llama, Microsoft Copilot, or Mistral’s Le Chat. When you chat with an AI assistant, you interact with a large language model that processes your request directly or with the help of different available tools, such as web browsing or code interpreters. AI assistants and LLMs can have different names. For instance, GPT is OpenAI’s large language model and ChatGPT is the AI assistant product. LLMs are deep neural networks made of billions of numerical parameters (or weights, see below) that learn the relationships between words and phrases and create a representation of language, a sort of multidimensional map of words. These models are created from encoding the patterns they find in billions of books, articles, and transcripts. When you prompt an LLM, the model generates the most likely pattern that fits the prompt. It then evaluates the most probable next word after the last one based on what was said before. Repeat, repeat, and repeat. (See: Neural network) Neural network A neural network refers to the multi-layered algorithmic structure that underpins deep learning — and, more broadly, the whole boom in generative AI tools following the emergence of large language models. Although the idea of taking inspiration from the densely interconnected pathways of the human brain as a design structure for data processing algorithms dates all the way back to the 1940s, it was the much more recent rise of graphical processing hardware (GPUs) — via the video game industry — that really unlocked the power of this theory. These chips proved well suited to training algorithms with many more layers than was possible in earlier epochs — enabling neural network-based AI systems to achieve far better performance across many domains, including voice recognition, autonomous navigation, and drug discovery. (See: Large language model [LLM]) Training Developing machine learning AIs involves a process known as training. In simple terms, this refers to data being fed in in order that the model can learn from patterns and generate useful outputs. Things can get a bit philosophical at this point in the AI stack — since, pre-training, the mathematical structure that’s used as the starting point for developing a learning system is just a bunch of layers and random numbers. It’s only through training that the AI model really takes shape. Essentially, it’s the process of the system responding to characteristics in the data that enables it to adapt outputs towards a sought-for goal — whether that’s identifying images of cats or producing a haiku on demand. It’s important to note that not all AI requires training. Rules-based AIs that are programmed to follow manually predefined instructions — for example, such as linear chatbots — don’t need to undergo training. However, such AI systems are likely to be more constrained than (well-trained) self-learning systems. Still, training can be expensive because it requires lots of inputs — and, typically, the volumes of inputs required for such models have been trending upwards. Hybrid approaches can sometimes be used to shortcut model development and help manage costs. Such as doing data-driven fine-tuning of a rules-based AI — meaning development requires less data, compute, energy, and algorithmic complexity than if the developer had started building from scratch. [See: Inference] Transfer learning A technique where a previously trained AI model is used as the starting point for developing a new model for a different but typically related task – allowing knowledge gained in previous training cycles to be reapplied. Transfer learning can drive efficiency savings by shortcutting model development. It can also be useful when data for the task that the model is being developed for is somewhat limited. But it’s important to note that the approach has limitations. Models that rely on transfer learning to gain generalized capabilities will likely require training on additional data in order to perform well in their domain of focus (See: Fine tuning) Weights Weights are core to AI training, as they determine how much importance (or weight) is given to different features (or input variables) in the data used for training the system — thereby shaping the AI model’s output. Put another way, weights are numerical parameters that define what’s most salient in a dataset for the given training task. They achieve their function by applying multiplication to inputs. Model training typically begins with weights that are randomly assigned, but as the process unfolds, the weights adjust as the model seeks to arrive at an output that more closely matches the target. For example, an AI model for predicting housing prices that’s trained on historical real estate data for a target location could include weights for features such as the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, whether a property is detached or semi-detached, whether it has parking, a garage, and so on. Ultimately, the weights the model attaches to each of these inputs reflect how much they influence the value of a property, based on the given dataset.