美国富豪们的“花式”避税记录被曝光！所缴税款只是九牛一毛

就在美国总统拜登力推“富人税”之际，当地时间6月8日，美国新闻网站“为了人民”（ProPublica）曝光了美国国税局（IRS）的税务机密文件，揭开了这些亿万富豪们巧立名目、“花式”避税的真相。

ProPublica发布的报告列举了包括亚马逊创始人贝索斯、特斯拉创始人马斯克、前纽约市市长迈克尔·布隆伯格等25位知名亿万富豪。

该网站获得的多名富豪在税务局系统中的信息显示，这些商业巨贾在短短五年内积累了超4000亿美元的巨额财富，却仅缴纳了共计136亿美元的低额税款，可以说是“九牛一毛”，其中有些人甚至多年来未曾缴纳过一毛钱。

这当中，巴菲特的实际税率在富人中排名垫底，仅为0.1%。在这五年间，他的财富增长了243亿美元，但缴纳的税款仅为2370万美元。

类似情况的还有特斯拉公司创始人马斯克，他从2014年到2018年共报告了15.2亿美元的收入并缴纳了4.55亿美元的税款，但其五年间的实际财富增长为139亿美元，实际税率为3.27%。

而身家暴涨了990亿美元，一跃成为全球首富的贝索斯，从2014年到2018年报告收入42.2亿美元，缴纳税款9.73亿美元，但他在此期间的财富实际增长了990亿美元，实际税率仅为0.98%。其中有几年贝索斯甚至“一毛不拔”，一分钱的税都没交。在2011年，贝索斯更以投资损失为由，为自己和儿女申请了税收抵免。

据悉，此次ProPublica获取了“美国国税局超过15年的数据，其中涵盖了美国数千名最富有人群的纳税申报表”。在报告中，ProPublica表示，这份纳税记录打破了美国税收体系确保每个人的纳税份额公平的“神话”。

The U.S. Treasury Department has asked law enforcement authorities to investigate the disclosure of tax records cited in a media report that showed that some of America's richest people paid little to no income taxes, U.S. officials said on Tuesday.

U.S. media outlet ProPublica said it obtained "a vast trove of Internal Revenue Service data on the tax returns of thousands of the nation's wealthiest people, covering more than 15 years." The data indicated that billionaires including Amazon founder Jeff Bezos and Tesla founder Elon Musk paid no federal income taxes during some years.

ProPublica described the records as "confidential" and did not disclose how it obtained them. "We know that there is more to be done to ensure that corporations (and) individuals who are at the highest income are paying more of their fair share," Psaki said.

对此，白宫新闻发言人珍·普萨基在当天的新闻发布会上回应称，“任何未经授权的政府机密信息披露”都是非法的。针对报道提及的漏税行为，国税局将采取一切措施进行调查，包括将此事提交给财政部、联邦调查局和司法部。

财政部发言人莉莉·亚当斯在一封电子邮件声明中表示，此事已经交由财政部总监察长办公室、财政部税务管理总监、联邦调查局和哥伦比亚特区联邦检察官办公室处置，“任何一方都有独立调查权”。美国国税局局长长查尔斯·雷蒂格也证实，正针对此事开展调查。

White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki said that "any unauthorized disclosure of confidential government information" is illegal.

Treasury Department spokeswoman Lily Adams said in an emailed statement that the matter has been referred to the FBI, federal prosecutors and two internal Treasury Department watchdogs, "all of whom have independent authority to investigate."

The IRS, part of the Treasury Department, is the nation's tax-collecting agency and many tax records are considered confidential documents. IRS Commissioner Charles Rettig also confirmed that an investigation is underway.